Unix command | Unix administrator

Cheap Malaysia Hotels

2009-02-07T16:08:00.000-08:00

Malaysia is the most visited place by tourist, equipped with wonderful hotels, home-stay & guest house facilities. You’ll be amazed with what Malaysia lodging can offer you! Cheap Malaysia Hotels provide information on cheap, affordable and value added Hotels, Backpacker rooms, Homestay and Guest House facilities. You’ll be able to find your type of place to stay, here in Cheap Malaysia Hotels.

Malaysia has some finest Hotel like Renaissance Hotel, JW Marriot, Shangri-la and much more. Best hotel are rated at 5 star.

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While Malaysia Home Stay offers you more then just lodging, they usually have some sets of local activity for you to enjoy and get to know Malaysia culture better. You’ll be staying with the house owner and the family members.

With Guest House, you’ll be able to rent the whole house for your family. It’s also allowing you to just rent a room from it.

So what are you waiting for? Plan your trip to your favorites place in Malaysia with Cheap Malaysia Hotels

Veritas error V-39-53247-1

2008-03-04T17:25:00.000-08:00

For now, I'm only experiencing such error in Solaris10. Launching the Veritas GUI was not a problem, the error surface when I tried connecting to the current server via the Veritas GUI manager after key-in the root password.

According to the solution that I've found, this was due to the VEA not being starts.

Check the VEA status

# /etc/init.d/isisd status

The output
Current state of server : NOT RUNNING

Start VEA
# /etc/init.d/isisd start

Once the VEA started properly, you should be able to get connected to your Veritas GUI manager.

Veritas error V-39-53247-1

2008-03-04T17:07:00.000-08:00

Check the VEA status

# /etc/init.d/isisd status

The output

Current state of server : NOT RUNNING

Start VEA

# /etc/init.d/isisd start

Once the VEA started properly, you should be able to get connected to your Veritas GUI manager.

Basic patch execution on HP-UX

2008-02-26T02:34:00.001-08:00

1. Donwload the required package

2. Make an OS ignite backup
For a virtual server, the ignite backup can be stored in HDD with the command below
# make_net_recovery -s svr6601 -v -x inc_entire=vg00 -x exclude=/var/adm/crash -a svr6601:/var/opt/ignite/clients/svr6604

make_net_recovery
creates a system recovery archive and stores the archive on the network.

Option
-s
Specifies the hostname of the Ignite-UX server. The onfiguration files, defaults and contents files for the client system will be written to the Ignite-UX server in /var/opt/ignite/clients/0xLLA/recovery. The make_net_recovery tool will NFS mount the per-client directory to access this information.

-v
Display verbose progress messages while creating the system recovery archive. Includes information such as which volume groups/disks will be included in the system recovery archive.

-x inc_entire=disk|vg_name
Includes all file systems contained on the specified disk or volume group. Use a block device file (e.g.,"/dev/dsk/c0t5d0") when specifying a whole-disk (non-volume manager) file system. Use the volume group name (such as vg00) when you want all file systems that are part of that LVM volume group to be included in the archive.

-x exclude=file|directory
Excludes the file or directory from the archive. When a directory is specified, no files beneath that directory will be stored in the archive. If the excluded directory is an unmounted file system shown in the /etc/fstab file, a WARNING ("Filesystem xxx is not mounted. It will be ignored.") message will be displayed.

3. Unpack the patch file, assuming we are unpacking the USB driver 11.23_USB-00_C.01.04.06.001.shar. A new file *.depot will be created after unpack.
# sh 11.23_USB-00_C.01.04.06.001.shar

4. Install the patch
# swinstall -s 11.23_USB-00_C.01.04.06.001.depot

A GUI patch management will pop-up. Follow the installation screen, make sure that the patch packages is in READY mode. Do not proceed if it is in READY & WARNING mode. The WARNING needs to be rectify before proceeding. Please note a server reboot will be require if it touches on the kernel.

Using VNC on Linux Server

2008-02-12T20:36:00.001-08:00

VNC is a well known tools, it’s widely use in Linux and Windows environments. Recently I have a problem accessing my Linux server using VNC sessions. I have forgotten the password, the only way I know to reset the VNC session password is thru GUI unfortunately the server is not located at the same place as I am.

Follow the steps below, some workaround I use to reset VNC session password and also reset VNC connection.

1. Change / create new VNC password
# vncpasswd

2. Starts the VNC server
# vncserver

Example of the output as below …
SUSE:~ # vncserver
New 'X' desktop is SUSE:2
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /root/.vnc/SUSE:2.log

3. Try login in with VNC viewer using hostname/ip address followed by the display number, in this case its suse:2

4. An xTerminal will be displayed as below, but this is not the session we want to use. Follow steps 5 to get the proper sessions …

5. Stops the vncserver. Our VNC server is currently running on display 2.
# vncserver -kill :2

6. Edit the xstartup file. The file is located at /root/.vnc/. Before your start editing the files, please backup the original file, and include the following lines into the xstartup file

#!/bin/sh

#xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
#xsetroot -solid grey
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
startx &

7. Start the vncserver
# vncserver

Test login to the server with VNC viewer, you’ll see a different and useful layout as below

8. To check if there is a vnc services running …
# ps -ef | grep Xvnc

Create a duplicate ROOT id

2008-02-11T02:05:00.000-08:00

Duplicating a ROOT id is not a good idea, as this will overkill the security risk. SUDO is another workaround option that you can look into without implementing the 2nd ROOT id. Anyway, below are steps taken by me to create the 2nd ROOT id.

1. Backup all the required files (/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group)
2. Create the user with useradd command

Example
# useradd -g 1 -d /export/home/root2 -s /bin/sh -c "Some infor here" root2

Syntax for useradd
useradd [-u uid [-o] | -g group | -G group[[,group]...] |-d dir |
-s shell | -c comment | -m [-k skel_dir] | -f inactive |
-e expire | -A authorization [, authorization ...] |
-P profile [, profile ...] | -R role [, role ...] |
-K key=value | -p project [, project ...]] login

3. Change passwd for root2
# passwd root2

4. Edit the /etc/passwd file. Search for the id that you have created, in this case root2

root2:x:116:1:Some Info here:/export/home/root2:/bin/sh

In this case the UID is 116. This number is automatically generated unless you have specified the -u option with your useradd command. Use vi editor to edit, change the UID number from 116 to 0

# vi /etc/edit

5. Now all you need to do is update the /etc/passwd file with the command below
# pwconv

pwconv - installs and updates /etc/shadow with information from /etc/passwd
To now more on pwconv, do a man pwconv

ndd Command

2007-12-20T04:26:00.001-08:00

1. To get NIC status, note root passwd password is needed

check the which instance of NIC port we are connecting to
# ndd –get /dev/qfe instance

change the NIC instance to port 0
# ndd -set /dev/qfe instance 0

check status
# ndd -get /dev/qfe link_status (0=down 1=up)
# ndd -get /dev/qfe link_mode (0=half duplex 1=full duplex)
# ndd -get /dev/qfe link_speed (0=10Mbps 1=100Mbps)

# ndd -get /dev/ce adv_autoneg_cap (check auto nego 0=false 1=true)
# ndd -set /dev/ce adv_autoneg_cap 1 (set autonego to true)

ndd help / to check option available with ndd command
# ndd –get /dev/qfe \?

Notes
for ce card use /dev/ce
for qfe card use /dev/qfe
for bge card use /dev/bge1 (instance 1, bge2 = instance2)

The configuration network card configuration file is at /kernel/drv/ce.conf if its is configured manually and forced to specific value.

Check PERL version

2007-12-20T04:25:00.001-08:00

# perl -v

fsck Command

2007-12-20T04:24:00.001-08:00

The fsck command is required if your encounter “press CTRL + d” message during startup
# fsck -y /opt

set DISPLAY

2007-12-20T04:23:00.001-08:00

This is usually required when you use X-Manager to run some GUI application on it. Example will be Veritas Manager or during Oracle installation
# DISPLAY:you.pc.ip.addr:0.0
# export DISPLAY

scstat Command

2007-12-20T04:21:00.001-08:00

scstat (cluster command)
To move resources from one cluster A to cluster B
# scswitch -Z -g -h
example
# scswitch -Z -g scmrg1 -h server4821

mount / devices operation

2007-12-20T04:20:00.001-08:00

to mount a device, 1st make sure the device is in /etc/vfstab
# mount /rpt_data02
or
# mount /dev/vx/dsk/rptdg/rpt_data02 /rpt_data02

to kill all process / users using a specific devices, usefull when you could not umount the file system or devices that you are sure no users is accessing it
# fuser -ck /the/directory

Soft link

2007-12-20T04:18:00.000-08:00

create a soft link
# ln -s /destination /source

remove soft link
# unlink /soft/link/file

Fiber channel (FC) operation

2007-12-20T04:17:00.000-08:00

check connected FC ports
# luxadm -e port

Check 64 bit on Solaris

2007-12-20T04:16:00.000-08:00

# isainfo -vk

Unix printing services

2007-12-20T04:15:00.000-08:00

1. Below are some example of using some printer command, assuming our printer name is dcp.

to print /etc/hosts files on dcp printer
# lp -d dcp /etc/hosts

check the print queue on all connected printer
# /usr/ucb/lpq
or
# lpstat
# lpstat –o all

check print queue on dcp printer
# /usr/ucb/lpq -P dcp

delete print queue on dcp printer (root password is required)
# /usr/ucb/lprm -P dcp

2. Printer configuration
printer configuration will be stored in /etc/printer.conf
# more /etc/printer.conf

all connected printer summary
# lpstat -s

check the dcp printer server (print server)
# lpstat -v dcp

changing printer server (root password is required)
# lpadmin -p dcp -s pethsv15\!dcp
lpadmin –p -s \!

Packages / Pacthes

2007-12-20T04:14:00.000-08:00

1. To check installed patch
# showrev -p
# showrev –p | grep

2. To check packages info
# pkginfo -l VRTSvxvm

NFS Sharing resources from the server

2007-12-20T04:01:00.001-08:00

1. Make sure the share resources is configure in /etc/df/dfstab
# vi /etc/df/dfstab

Edit the files to include the share point of the resources.
Example you are sharing /cdrom/dvd1, the file in /etc/df/dfstab should include

share -F nfs /cdrom/dvd1

Affter editing the file run this command.
# shareall

2. At the remote machine that is accessing the share resources …
To list all the share resources from main server
# dfshares

or alternatively, to show all shared mount point from NFS server
# showmount -e

Mount the share resources
# mount :/cdrom/dvd1 /mount/point/location

example
# mount taufikserver:/cdrom/dvd1 /mnt

3. To unmount dfshare
note: only apply if you could not unmount it.
# /etc/init.d/nfs.server stop
# umount /nfs/share

4. Mount nfs on vfstab
This example take from http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mansec?4+vfstab
The following are vfstab entries for various file system types supported in the Solaris operating environment.

Example 1: NFS and UFS Mounts
The following entry invokes NFS to automatically mount the directory /usr/local of the server example1 on the client's /usr/local directory with read-only permission:

example1:/usr/local - /usr/local nfs - yes ro

The following example assumes a small departmental mail setup, in which clients mount /var/mail from a server mailsvr. The following entry would be listed in each client's vfstab:

mailsvr:/var/mail - /var/mail nfs - yes intr,bg

Enable tftp services on Solaris10

2007-12-20T03:59:00.000-08:00

Make changes active and enabled
# inetconv
# inetadm -e svc:/network/tftp/udp6

check the tftp services
# svcs | grep tftp

disable tftp
# inetadm -d svc:/network/tftp/udp6

Configuring ntpdate

2007-12-20T03:58:00.001-08:00

1. configure /etc/inet/ntp.conf
# vi /etc/inet/ntp.conf

add the ntp server IP address in the file (ntp.conf file will only contain IP addres)

2. to sync the time base on the ntp server specified
# ntpdate
# ntpdate 111.11.1.11

Enable large file

2007-12-20T03:52:00.000-08:00

Option 1
# vi /etc/vfstab (edit the last column)
# reboot

Option 2
# umount /finance
# /usr/lib/fs/vxfs/fsadm -o largefiles /dev/vx/rdsk/diskdg/finance
# mount finance

Option 3 (on the fly update)
# /usr/lib/fs/vxfs/fsadm -o largefiles /finance

tar Command

2007-12-20T03:45:00.000-08:00

tar a file and then copy it / untar in a new folder
# cd /source/directory
# tar cf - . |(cd /destination/dir; tar xvfBp -)

tar command with exclude
# tar cvf /apache.tar --exclude=/var/apache/htdocs/docu/patch/*.zip \
> --exclude=/var/apache/htdocs/docu/iplanet/*.gz /var/apache/htdocs/docu

# tar cvf /os.tar --exclude=/var --exclude=/usr --exclude=sys / Note: not working to backup OS

The history of UNIX

2007-12-02T05:39:00.000-08:00

The idea of developing UNIX was born from AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the early 1970's, the success of the UNIX operating system has led to many different versions. Until today, we have numbers of UNIX varieties and versions, like HP-UX, Solaris, Redhat, Suse not forgotten CENTOS, Fedora and others.

For more interesting UNIX history fact ... http://www.computerhope.com/history/unix.htm. Its interesting, the fact shown that Linus Torvalds was actually born on the same year UNIX was being developed.